1. In-office surgery ignored by state. Reno Gazette Journal (03-09-08)
2. Inova Warns of Sterilization Error. Leesburg 2Day.com (08-19-05)
3. Candor praised in scope problems. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (04-01-05).
4. Infections Put a Sterilizer Under Microscope. The Wall Street Journal (12-24-04).
5. Unclean record of disinfecting. Newsday (06-27-04). 
6. Grand View Hospital Patient devastated over mistake NBC News (01-06-04).
7. Valued medical tool has dangers. Sacramento Bee (05-16-04).
8. 600 UW patients told of cleaning lapse. The Seattle Times (03-20-04). 

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9. Machines blamed in AGH death. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review (01-22-03)
10. Plan to attack contamination of bronchoscopes. PIttsburgh Post-Gazette (01-19-03)
11. Scope-cleaning procedures debated. USA Today (04-7-02). 
12. Clear concerns amid murky debate. The Boston Globe (03-27-02).
13. Muscarella LF. Sterilize that device. Newsday August 2, 2001; page A41.
14. A new risk for high-tech surgery? Investor’s Business Daily (02-14-00);A1. 

1. The proper use of biological indicators (BIs) (08-2008)
2. "Sterile" filtered rinse water?  (04-2008)
3. Flash sterilization
4. Prevention of transmission of Clostridium difficile during GI endoscopy  
5. Prevention of tranmission of HCV during GI endoscopy 

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6. Relabeling liquid sterilants to include a more scientifically valid label claim
7. Can endoscopes be sterilized using any FDA-cleared method?  Part 1 and Part 2
8. Reprocessing rigid laryngoscope handles
9. Clinical use of wet endoscopes immediately after processing (JIT)
10. More expressed concern about the clinical use of wet endoscopes

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11. The importance of endoscope drying
12. Position statement on objective newspaper reporting:  Part 1 and Part 2 

1. A review of HICPAC's Draft guideline for disinfection and sterilization.
2. (The text of: HICPAC's Draft guidelines for disinfection and sterilization, 2002.)

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3. The controversy over endoscope drying, liquid sterilants:
1. FDA Labeling of Liquid Chemical Sterilants: Are Modifications Needed?
2. Dear AORN, Part 1 : Is endoscope drying important?
3. Part 1: Lessons from the bronchoscope case (Allegheny General)
4. Part 2: Rebuttal to this bronchoscope controversy about drying
5. Part 3: To dry or not to dry the endoscope?
6. Establishing the Shelf Life of Flexible Colonoscopes
7. Is the "immediate" use of wet endoscopes throughout the day safe?

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4. Flawed ASTM standards on cleaning, sterilization and disinfection?
5. A critical review of AAMI's guidance document on the selection and use of liquid chemical sterilants (TIR No. 7;1999).

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6. FDA labeling of liquid chemical sterilants: Are modifications needed?
7. A critique of a FDA-CDC public health advisory (1999).
8. Wet surgical instruments - contaminated; but wet endoscopes - "sterile"? Letters. (October 2005, Healthcare Purchasing News, p. 58)
9. Letter to the FDA about the importance of reprocessing sheathed items.
10. A partial reply to AORN's Recommended Practices for High-level Disinfection.

1. Routine surface disinfection?
2. Premier's position on endoscope drying.
3. SGNA's recommends endoscope drying.  

1. FDA Labeling of Liquid Chemical Sterilants:  Are regulatory modifications needed? 
2. Assessing the Risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD).
3. Is the "immediate" use of wet endoscopes througout the day a risk?
4. Handle with Care:  A primer for reprocessing flexible and rigid endoscopes.
5. Step-by-step reprocessing of rigid laryngoscopes.
6. Lessons from the bronchoscope case: What happened at Allegheny General?
7. To dry or not to dry the endoscope?
8. An article on anthrax and endoscopy.

5. Muscarella LF. The risk of disease transmission associated with inadequate disinfection of gastrointestinal flexible endoscopes. J Hosp Infection 2006 Jul;63(3):345-7.

6. Nelson DB, Muscarella LF. Current issues in endoscope reprocessing and infection control during gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2006 July 7;12(25):3953-64.

10. Muscarella LF. Dear Los Angeles Times: The risk of disease transmission during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastroenterol Nurs 2004 Nov-Dec;27(6):271-8.

11. Muscarella LF, DiMarino AJ. Endoscope disinfection. In: Advanced Therapy in Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, 5th Edition. 2004.

12. Muscarella LF. Recommendations for the prevention of transmission of SARS during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60(5):792-5.

13. Muscarella LF. Infection control and its application to the administration of intravenous medications during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Am J Infect Control 2004 Aug;32(5):282-6.

14. Muscarella LF. Is gastrointestinal endoscopy a risk factor for Whipple's disease?  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004 Jun;25(6):453-4; author reply 455.

15. Muscarella LF. Contribution of tap water and environmental surfaces to nosocomial transmission antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004 Apr;25(4):342-5.

16. Muscarella LF. Inconsistencies in infection-control and endoscope-reprocessing guidelines: The importance of endoscope drying. Submitted for publication.

17. Muscarella LF. Prevention of disease transmission during rigid and flexible laryngoscopy. In preparation. 

18. Muscarella LF. Leading a horse to water: are crucial lessons in endoscopy and    outbreak investigations being learned? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002 Jul;23(7):    358-60; author reply 360.

19. Muscarella LF. Application of environmental sampling to flexible endoscope reprocessing: the importance of monitoring the rinse water. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002 May;23(5):285-9.

20. Muscarella LF. Anthrax: is there a risk of cross-infection during endoscopy? Gastroenterol Nurs 2002 Mar-Apr;25(2):46-8. 

21. Muscarella LF. Limited surveillance in the endoscopic setting:  Has its time arrived?  Am J Infect Control 2002 Feb;30(1):66-7. 

22. Muscarella LF. Current instrument reprocessing practices. Results of a national survey. Gastroenterol Nurs 2001 Sep-Oct;24(5):253-60.

23. Muscarella LF. Biopsy forceps: disposable or reusable? Gastroenterol Nurs 2001 Mar-Apr;24(2):64-8.

24. Muscarella LF; New York State health officials.  Recommendations for preventing hepatitis C virus infection: analysis of a Brooklyn endoscopy clinic's outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001 Nov;22(11):669.

25. Muscarella LF. Disinfecting endoscopes immediately before the first patient of the day. AORN J 2001 Jun;73(6):1159-63.

26. Muscarella LF. Deja Vu...all over again? The importance of instrument drying. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000 Oct;21(10):628-9.

27. Muscarella LF. Commentary. "Do scopes spread sickness?" Gastroenterol Nurs 1999 Jul-Aug;22(4):179-80.

28. Muscarella LF. Automatic flexible endoscope reprocessors. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2000 Apr;10(2):245-57.

29. Muscarella LF. What is disinfection, sterilization? Gastrointest Endosc 1999 Aug;50(2):301-3.

30. Muscarella LF. Instrument design and cross-infection. AORN J 1998 Mar;67(3):552-3, 556.

31. Muscarella LF. Are all sterilization processes alike? AORN J 1998 May;67(5):966-70, 973-6.

32. Muscarella LF. Anticipated reliability of liquid chemical sterilants. Am J Infect Control 1998 Apr;26(2):155-6.

33. Muscarella LF. Soaking endoscopes in 2% glutaraldehyde for 20 minutes: a risk management perspective. Am J Infect Control 1998 Apr;26(2):153-5.

34.Muscarella LF. Advantages and limitations of automatic flexible endoscope reprocessors. Am J Infect Control. 1996 Aug;24(4):304-9.

35. Muscarella LF. High-level disinfection or "sterilization" of endoscopes? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996 Mar;17(3):183-7.

36. Muscarella LF. Sterilizing dental equipment. Nat Med 1995 Dec;1(12):1223-5.

37. Muscarella LF.  The difficulty of reprocessing reusable rigid endoscopic instruments: are disposables the solution? J Gynecol Surg 1994 Summer;10(2):121-3. 

1. Muscarella LF. Fluid exchange in distensible capillaries {Dissertation Thesis}. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 1990.
2. Muscarella LF, Pathak AS, Takashima S, Noordergraaf A.   Quantitative analysis of the Landis method. Microvasc Res. 1993 Jan;45(1):46-64. 
3. Muscarella LF, Vasthare U, Tuma RF, Abraham V, Ziskin MC. Effect of ultrasound on regional cerebral blood flow in neonatal rats. Ultrasound Med Biol 1991;17(9):893-9. 
4. Salotto AG, Muscarella LF, Melbin J, Li JK, Noordergraaf A. Pressure pulse transmission into vascular beds. Microvasc Res 1986 Sep;32(2):152-63.